A Comprehensive Guide to the History of Persian Carpets | Part Two
The Pazyryk Carpet: A Glimpse into the Past
The oldest known hand-woven carpet in the world, the Pazyryk carpet, was discovered in the Pazyryk Valley of Siberia within the tomb of a Scythian noble. Radiocarbon dating suggests that the carpet dates back to the 5th century BCE, marking it as a remarkable artistic relic of antiquity. This carpet, meticulously crafted, measures 183 by 200 centimeters and boasts intricate patterns with 36 symmetrical knots per square centimeter.
At the heart of the Pazyryk carpet lies a deep red central field, adorned with two borders featuring animals moving in opposite directions, along with decorative guard lines. The inner main border depicts deer, while the outer border portrays men riding horses and others leading them. Each saddle is uniquely designed. Within the central red field, rows of identical square frames measuring 4 by 6 centimeters are filled with star-like decorations, layered with intersecting cross and diagonal patterns.
Sergei Rudenko, the carpet’s discoverer, initially attributed it to the Achaemenid era. However, debates regarding its exact origin persist. Regardless of its provenance, the Pazyryk carpet stands as a testament to the advanced weaving techniques of its time.
Ancient Weaving Techniques and Materials
The precise techniques and materials used in crafting early Persian carpets remain partially shrouded in mystery. The writings of Xenophon, the Greek philosopher and historian, highlight the luxury and diplomatic significance of Persian carpets, underscoring their value. However, the specific weaving methods remain unclear.
What is known is that early Persian weavers employed natural materials such as bamboo, plant stems, and wool fibers, showcasing remarkable ingenuity in creating intricate designs and patterns.
The Cultural and Societal Importance of Carpets in Ancient Persia
In ancient Persian society and culture, carpets played a vital role, extending beyond mere floor coverings. Persian carpets symbolized prestige, luxury, and diplomacy. Xenophon’s accounts emphasize the value of Persian carpets as diplomatic gifts, affirming their opulent and esteemed nature.
As Persian society evolved, these carpets transcended their functional purposes, becoming an integral part of the region’s cultural and artistic identity.
